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CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy

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Original Articles
Effects of exercise on reducing diabetes risk in Korean women according to menopausal status
Jung-Hwan Cho, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se-Eun Park, Ju-Hwan Yoo, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(2):75-86.   Published online April 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e8
  • 2,814 View
  • 31 Download
Abstract PDF
Background
Exercise and estrogen play key roles in preventing diabetes and obesity. Women’s risk of diabetes could increase due to the loss of the protective effect of estrogen after menopause. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of the intensity and frequency of exercise with diabetes risk in Korean women.
Methods
Hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of diabetes were analyzed in 926,807 premenopausal and 1,188,346 postmenopausal women without diabetes over the age of 40 who underwent the Korean National Health Examination in 2009 and were followed up until 2018. The number of days of physical activity according to exercise intensity and metabolic equivalent of task-minutes per week (MET-min/wk) were calculated.
Results
In total, 38,096 premenopausal (4.1%) and 120,605 postmenopausal (10.2%) women were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Regardless of menopausal history, the risk of diabetes was significantly lower in groups with higher MET-min/wk than in sedentary participants (0 MET-min/wk, reference), although this effect disappeared in postmenopausal women with the highest level of MET-min/wk (MET-min/wk ≥1,500) after adjusting for all variables (HR, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02). Participants who exercised for more than 1 day per week had a significantly lower risk of diabetes, regardless of the intensity. However, this benefit was lost in women with near-daily exercise (≥6 days/wk).
Conclusions
Exercise was effective in preventing diabetes in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. A moderate amount of exercise should be actively encouraged to lower the risk of diabetes in women, especially after menopause, while simultaneously considering the insignificant benefits of excessive exercise.
Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in Korean patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Inha Jung, Sun Joon Moon, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(1):42-55.   Published online January 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e3
  • 2,847 View
  • 44 Download
  • 1 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Since a sedentary lifestyle is considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), physical activity (PA) is recommended for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to prevent CVD. We investigated the association between different levels of PA and the risk for CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM using nationwide data.
Methods
We examined health examination data and claims records of 2,745,637 participants with T2DM at baseline from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. We excluded subjects with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Each participant was asked to report their weekly PA levels according to three categories: vigorous, moderate, and walking. The incidence of CVD and death was analyzed until 2017.
Results
The risk of CVD was lower in regular exercisers than in nonexercisers after adjusting for confounding variables. A dose-response trend was evident in the association between the degree of PA and CVD risk. All categories of PA were inversely associated with CVD risk and mortality. The reduction in CVD risk and all-cause mortality was more profound in patients aged ≥65 years.
Conclusions
Augmenting PA might have positive effects on the prevention of CVD and all-cause death, especially in the elderly. The benefits of PA were consistently observed in various subgroups regardless of the presence of chronic conditions. Therefore, clinicians should encourage elderly patients with T2DM to increase their daily PA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Incentivised physical activity intervention promoting daily steps among university employees in the workplace through a team-based competition
    Ayazullah Safi, Sanjoy Deb, Adam Kelly, Matthew Cole, Natalie Walker, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
CHA2DS2-VASc Score Is Correlated with Cardiac Performance in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Doo Soo Jeon, Mi-Jeong Kim, Wonjik Lee, Dongjae Lee, Ik Jun Choi
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(2):56-62.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e9
  • 1,736 View
  • 14 Download
Abstract PDF
Background
The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a popular tool for risk prediction of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Each component of the CHA2DS2-VASc scheme is an established risk factor for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure (HF). In AF patients, HF is often adversely affecting to clinical outcomes including thromboembolism. We hypothesized that the CHA2DS2-VASc score reflects cardiac reserve and the risk of HF as well as the risk of stroke in patients with AF.
Methods
A total of 103 patients who had the diagnosis of chronic non-valvular AF patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF) were enrolled consecutively. CHA2DS2-VASc score was compared to exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake, peak VO2), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and echocardiographic diastolic dysfunction index (early mitral to annular velocity, E/E′) ratio.
Results
Exercise capacity was correlated with age (β=−0.568, p<0.001), CHA2DS2-VASc score (β=−0.526, p<0.001), BNP (β=−0.449, p<0.001) and diastolic dysfunction (β=−0.534, p<0.001). Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 had a significantly less exercise capacity than those with CHA2DS2-VASc score <2 (p<0.001). Higher CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with lower exercise capacity, more diastolic dysfunction and higher BNP (for trend p=0.001).
Conclusions
High CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with poor exercise capacity in patients with AF. Diastolic dysfunction is thought to be the major mechanism of exercise limitation. CHA2DS2-VASc score might be useful for predicting overall cardiac reserve as well as stroke risk stratification in AF patients.

CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy