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Special Article
Update on the Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Eui-Soon Kim, Jong-Chan Youn, Sang Hong Baek
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(4):113-133.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e17
  • 10,155 View
  • 166 Download
  • 12 Citations
Abstract PDF
Heart failure (HF) is an important cardiovascular disease because of the increasing prevalence, high morbidity and mortality, and rapid expansion of health care costs. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to modify the prognosis of patients with HF. Regarding HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), several drugs have shown to improve mortality and morbidity, based on large-scale randomized controlled trials, leading to a critical paradigm shift in its pharmacological treatment. The paradigm of HFrEF pathophysiology has shifted from cardiorenal disease to hemodynamic changes, and neurohormonal activation is currently considered the prime pathophysiological mechanism of HFrEF. This review summarizes evidence on the pharmacological management of HFrEF derived from major randomized controlled trials, which have accomplished improvements in survival benefits.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Real-World Eligibility and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Empagliflozin for Heart Failure in Korea
    Eui-Soon Kim, Sun-Kyeong Park, Jong-Chan Youn, Hye Sun Lee, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jai Cho, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon, Sang Eun Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jae-Joong Kim, Kyung-Kuk Hwang, Myeong-Chan Cho, Shung Chull Chae, Seok-Min Kang, Jin Joo Park, Dong-Ju Choi,
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Eligibility and Cost-Utility Analysis of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure Across the Whole Spectrum of Ejection Fraction in South Korea
    Eui-Soon Kim, Sun-Kyeong Park, Daniel Sung-ho Cho, Jong-Chan Youn, Hye Sun Lee, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jai Cho, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon, Sang Eun Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jae-Joong Kim, Kyung-Kuk Hwang, Myeong-Chan Cho, Shung Chull Chae, Seok-Min Kang, Jin Joo
    American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2024; 24(2): 313.     CrossRef
  • Korean Society of Heart Failure Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure: Treatment
    Jong-Chan Youn, Darae Kim, Jae Yeong Cho, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Sang Min Park, Mi-Hyang Jung, Junho Hyun, Hyun-Jai Cho, Seong-Mi Park, Jin-Oh Choi, Wook-Jin Chung, Byung-Su Yoo, Seok-Min Kang
    Korean Circulation Journal.2023; 53(4): 217.     CrossRef
  • Korean Society of Heart Failure Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure: Treatment
    Jong-Chan Youn, Darae Kim, Jae Yeong Cho, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Sang Min Park, Mi-Hyang Jung, Junho Hyun, Hyun-Jai Cho, Seong-Mi Park, Jin-Oh Choi, Wook-Jin Chung, Byung-Su Yoo, Seok-Min Kang
    International Journal of Heart Failure.2023; 5(2): 66.     CrossRef
  • Post-transplantation outcomes of sensitized patients receiving durable mechanical circulatory support
    Jong-Chan Youn, Xiaohai Zhang, Keith Nishihara, In-Cheol Kim, Sang Hong Baek, Osamu Seguchi, Evan P. Kransdorf, David H. Chang, Michelle M. Kittleson, Jignesh K. Patel, Robert M. Cole, Jaime D. Moriguchi, Danny Ramzy, Fardad Esmailian, Jon A. Kobashigawa
    The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation.2022; 41(3): 365.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
    Yuran Ahn, Jong-Chan Youn
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • Multimodal Imaging and Biomarkers in Cardiac Amyloidosis
    Mi-Hyang Jung, Suyon Chang, Eun Ji Han, Jong-Chan Youn
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(3): 627.     CrossRef
  • Physician adherence and patient-reported outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in the era of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor therapy
    In-Cheol Kim, Jong-Chan Youn, Se Yong Jang, Sang Eun Lee, Hyun-Jai Cho, Jin-Oh Choi, Ju-Hee Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Kye Hun Kim, Jong Min Lee, Byung-Su Yoo, Byung-Su Yoo, Se Yong Jang, Jong Min Lee, In-Cheol Kim, Jin-Oh Choi, Hyun-Jai Cho, Sang E
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A dose–response relationship of renin–angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers in patients with acute heart failure syndrome: a nationwide prospective cohort study
    Kyung An Kim, Eui-Soon Kim, Jong-Chan Youn, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jai Cho, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon, Sang Eun Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jae-Joong Kim, Kyung-Kuk Hwang, Myeong-Chan Cho, Shung Chull Chae, Seok-Min Kang, Dong-Ju Choi, Byu
    European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.2022; 8(6): 587.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of de novo malignancy after heart transplantation
    Jong-Chan Youn, Darae Kim, In-Cheol Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon, Keith Nishihara, Evan P. Kransdorf, David H. Chang, Michelle M. Kittleson, Jignesh K. Patel, Danny Ramzy, Fardad Esmailian, Jon A. Kobashigawa
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pathophysiology of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
    Jong-Chan Youn, Yuran Ahn, Hae Ok Jung
    Heart Failure Clinics.2021; 17(3): 327.     CrossRef
  • Heart failure risk in younger adults needing more attention
    Jong-Chan Youn, Sang Hong Baek
    International Journal of Cardiology.2021; 344: 135.     CrossRef
Review Article
Calcium channel blockers for hypertension: old, but still useful
Eun Mi Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(4):113-125.   Published online October 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e16
  • 25,582 View
  • 1,289 Download
  • 7 Citations
Abstract PDF
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) constitute a heterogeneous class of drugs that can be divided into dihydropyridines (DHPs) and non-DHPs. DHP-CCBs are subcategorized into four generations based on the duration of activity and pharmacokinetics, while non-DHP-CCBs are subcategorized into phenylethylamine and benzodiazepine derivatives. DHP-CCBs are vascular-selective and function as potent vasodilators, whereas non-DHP-CCBs are cardiac-selective and are useful for treating tachyarrhythmia, but reduce cardiac contractility and heart rate. Traditional DHP-CCBs (nifedipine) mainly block L-type calcium channels, whereas novel CCBs block N-type (amlodipine) and/or T-type channels (efonidipine) in addition to L-type channels, leading to organ-protective effects. DHP-CCBs have a potent blood pressure–lowering effect and suppress atherosclerosis and coronary vasospasm. Diltiazem, a non-DHP-CCB, is highly effective for vasospasm control. CCBs reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness. Amlodipine, a DHP-CCB, reduces blood pressure variability. L/N- and L/T-type CCBs combined with renin-angiotensin system blockers reduce proteinuria and improve kidney function compared with L-type CCBs. According to large-scale trials, DHP-CCBs reduce cardiovascular events in patients with isolated systolic hypertension, as well as in elderly and high-risk patients. Accordingly, CCBs are indicated for hypertension in elderly patients, isolated systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, and coronary vasospasm. Non-DHP-CCBs are contraindicated in high-grade heart block, bradycardia (<60 beats per minute [bpm]), and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). DHP-CCBs should be used with caution in patients with tachyarrhythmia, HFrEF, and severe leg edema, and non-DHP-CCBs should be used carefully in those with constipation. Each CCB has distinct pharmacokinetics and side effects, underscoring the need for meticulous consideration in clinical practice.

Citations

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  • Home blood pressure-lowering effect of esaxerenone versus trichlormethiazide for uncontrolled hypertension: a predefined subanalysis of the EXCITE-HT randomized controlled trial by basal calcium channel blocker versus angiotensin receptor blocker
    Kazuomi Kario, Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Masami Hashimoto, Naoki Itabashi, Mitsutoshi Kato, Kazuaki Uchiyama, Kunio Hirano, Noriko Nakamura, Takahide Miyamoto, Hirotaka Nagashima, Hidenori Ishida, Yusuke Ebe, Tsuguru Hatta, Toshiki Fukui, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Tomo
    Hypertension Research.2025; 48(2): 506.     CrossRef
  • Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Analysis, Pharmacokinetics, and Inhibition of Mpro and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 by Two Dihydropyrimidines Derivatives
    Samia Mammeri, Rachida Kerkour, Nadjib Chafai, Hassina Harkat, Saleh Chafaa
    Journal of Molecular Structure.2025; 1324: 140797.     CrossRef
  • Rationale and Design of a Randomized, Open‐Label, Parallel‐Group Study of Esaxerenone Versus Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Older Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension on Calcium Channel Blocker Monotherapy (ESCORT‐HT)
    Kazuomi Kario, Tomohiro Katsuya, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Takashi Taguchi, Ayumi Tanabe, Mitsuru Ohishi
    The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Design of Experimental Approach for Development of Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Process for Simultaneous Estimation of Metoprolol, Telmisartan, and Amlodipine from Formulation: Greenness and Whiteness Evaluation
    Mahesh Attimarad, Mohammed Jassim Alali, Hussain Ali Alali, Dana Hisham Alabdulmuhsin, Aljohara Khalid Alnajdi, Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala, Anroop B. Nair
    Molecules.2024; 29(5): 1087.     CrossRef
  • The Evolving Role of Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertension Management: Pharmacological and Clinical Considerations
    Kamryn E. Jones, Shaun L. Hayden, Hannah R. Meyer, Jillian L. Sandoz, William H. Arata, Kylie Dufrene, Corrado Ballaera, Yair Lopez Torres, Patricia Griffin, Adam M. Kaye, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(7): 6315.     CrossRef
  • Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Onset, Progression, and Consequences
    Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih
    Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Angiotensin II Exposure In Vitro Reduces High Salt-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Modulates Cell Adhesion Molecules’ Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Line
    Nikolina Kolobarić, Nataša Kozina, Zrinka Mihaljević, Ines Drenjančević
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(12): 2741.     CrossRef
Original Article
Variation in blood viscosity based on the potential cause of stroke of undetermined etiology
Jinyoung Oh, Youngchan Jung, Jin Kim, Sun Ki Min, Sang Won Han, Jong Sam Baik
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(4):144-150.   Published online October 25, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e14
  • 1,919 View
  • 30 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDF
Background
This study investigated potential differences in blood viscosity (BV) among patients with stroke of undetermined etiology, negative evaluation (SUDn), specifically those with potential atherothrombosis (SUDn-AT) and those with possible embolism (SUDn-E).
Methods
This single-center study employed a retrospective observational design. The participants were patients over 20 years old with the SUDn stroke subtype who were admitted within 5 days of symptom onset. These patients were categorized as SUDn-AT or SUDn-E. Patients in the SUDn-AT group had nonsignificant stenosis (<50%) of a major brain artery relevant to their symptoms and exhibited one or more signs of systemic atherosclerosis, including atherosclerosis of at least one major brain artery other than those clinically relevant, coronary artery disease, and/or peripheral artery disease. For the SUDn-E group, the SUDn criteria from the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification system were strictly applied.
Results
The final analysis included 153 patients, with 104 (68%) classified as SUDn-E and the remaining 32% as SUDn-AT. Patients in the SUDn-AT group had a higher systolic BV (P=0.012) and diastolic BV (P=0.020) than those in the SUDn-E group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.13; P=0.003), systolic BV (OR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.41–6.85; P=0.005), and diastolic BV (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.14; P=0.009) were associated with SUDn-AT.
Conclusions
Within the TOAST system, two SUDn entities may be distinguishable, with potentially different underlying etiologies: atherothrombosis and embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of Cerebral Artery Stenosis with Blood Viscosity in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack
    Young Chan Jung, Sang Won Han, Joong Hyun Park
    Journal of Neurosonology and Neuroimaging.2024; 16(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • A Comprehensive Study of Risk Factors, Etiology, and Infarction Patterns in Cerebrovascular Accidents at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
    Raju Hansini Reddy, Pradnya Diggikar, Mayank Mundada, Arun Oommen, Tushar Pancholi, Bhavya Yammanuru, Sree Vidya Yekkaluru, Advit Sangwan
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Organic Vegetable Mixed Juice on Blood Circulation and Intestine Flora: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
    Yun-Ha Lee, Jae-Ho Lee, Soo-Min Jeon, Il-Kyu Park, Hyun-Bin Jang, Soo-A Kim, Soo-Dong Park, Jae-Jung Shim, Seong-Soo Hong, Jae-Hwan Lee
    Diseases.2024; 12(9): 223.     CrossRef
Review Articles
The crosstalk between insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a culprit or a consequence?
Dae-Jeong Koo, Won-Young Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(4):132-141.   Published online October 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e17
  • 4,410 View
  • 112 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDF
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has recently undergone a change in its definition and acronym to “metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD),” is clinically significant as an increasingly prevalent independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is considered to be a key mechanism in the development and progression of NAFLD/MAFLD, and fatty liver disease itself may exacerbate insulin resistance. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying the interaction between insulin resistance and fatty liver, and we summarize the therapeutic attempts based on those mechanisms.

Citations

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  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a focus on risk factors and management
    Joonpyo Lee, Mi-Seung Shin
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2025; 7(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Insulin Resistance, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical and Experimental Perspective
    Inha Jung, Dae-Jeong Koo, Won-Young Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 327.     CrossRef
  • A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiological Link Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Metabolic Syndrome
    Eudith Januario, Aly Barakat, Abhivanditha Rajsundar, Zahra Fatima, Varda Nanda Palienkar, Arjun V Bullapur, Sunchandandeep Singh Brar, Punam Kharel, Mishal Mohammed Koyappathodi Machingal, Amena Backosh
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Adverse effects of statin therapy and their treatment
Dae Young Cheon, Sang-Ho Jo
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(1):1-6.   Published online January 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e4
  • 19,249 View
  • 668 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDF
Statins are one of the most widely used drugs worldwide as first-line drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Most of the side effects of statins are known to be mild, and mainly hepatotoxicity and various muscle symptoms are known. Recently, there have been studies on concerns about an increase in the incidence of diabetes after using statins, but it was found that the benefits sufficiently outweigh the risk of side effects. Therefore, the use of statins in the appropriate group should be actively performed, and it seems that the side effects can be prevented through close physical observation and appropriate examination.

Citations

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  • Efficacy, side effects, adherence, affordability, and procurement of dietary supplements for treating hypercholesterolemia: a narrative review
    Isabel von Känel-Cordoba, Katharina Wirnitzer, Katja Weiss, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Asli Devrim-Lanpir, Lee Hill, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
    Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients
    Roxana Nartea, Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu, Ioana Ghiorghiu
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2023; 45(4): 3146.     CrossRef
  • The effects of L-carnitine in reducing hepatotoxicity of statins in rats
    Doaa Ibrahim, Shahad Bader, Omar Bader
    Medicinski casopis.2023; 57(3): 59.     CrossRef
Special Articles
Methods for Evaluating the Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests
Chi-Yeon Lim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2021;3(1):15-20.   Published online January 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2021.3.e2
  • 9,048 View
  • 382 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDF
The accuracy of a diagnostic test should be evaluated before it is used in clinical situations. The sensitivity, specificity, and the trade-off between the 2 need to be considered. Sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic tests depend on the selection of cut-off values, and appropriate cut-off values can be arrived at by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve. In actual clinical setting, it is often difficult to obtain an appropriate gold standard for diagnosis, and in this case, consent is required as well. In this article, we summarize the basic concepts and methods for evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Diagnostic Scoring Systems for Childhood Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Michael Kakinda, Ronald Olum, Joseph Baruch Baluku, Felix Bongomin
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Novel diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: assessing methylation status with epigenetic-specific peptide nucleic acid and KRAS mutation in cell-free DNA
    Hongsik Kim, Jinah Chu, In-Gu Do, Yong-Pyo Lee, Hee Kyung Kim, Yaewon Yang, Jihyun Kwon, Ki Hyeong Lee, Chinbayar Batochir, Eunji Jo, Kyo Rim Kim, Hye Sook Han
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor
    Robert B. Moreland, Linda Brubaker, Lana Tinawi, Alan J. Wolfe, Graeme N. Forrest, Rajvinder Khasriya, Nazema Siddiqui
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Competing Risk Model in Survival Analysis
Yena Jeon, Won Kee Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2020;2(3):77-84.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2020.2.e11
  • 11,246 View
  • 623 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDF
Survival analysis is primarily used to identify the time-to-event for events of interest. However, there subjects may undergo several outcomes; competing risks occur when other events may affect the incidence rate of the event of interest. In the presence of competing risks, traditional survival analysis such as the Kaplan-Meier method or the Cox proportional hazard regression introduces biases into the estimation of survival probability. In this review, we discuss several methods that can be used to consider competing risks in survival analysis: the cumulative incidence function, the cause-specific hazard function, and Fine and Gray's Subdistribution hazard function. We also provide a guide for conducting competing risk analysis using SAS with the bone marrow transplantation dataset presented by Klein and Moeschberger (1997).

Citations

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  • People with genetic kidney diseases on kidney replacement therapy have different clinical outcomes compared to people with other kidney diseases
    Helen Y. Han, Venkat Vangaveti, Matthew Jose, Monica Suet Ying Ng, Andrew John Mallett
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factor modification in the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver cancer risk in a nationwide cohort
    Su Youn Nam, Junwoo Jo, Won Kee Lee, Chang Min Cho
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Standard Survival Analysis Can Overestimate Incidence and Risk Factors of Event of Interest in a Prospective Cohort Study with Considerable Attrition: The Case of a Suicide High-Risk Cohort
    Min Ji Kim, Maengseok Noh, Jieun Yoo, Seung Yeon Jeon, Jungjoon Moon, Seong Jin Cho, Sang Yeol Lee, Se-Hoon Shim, Shin Gyeom Kim, Won Sub Kang, Min-Hyuk Kim, Christopher Hyung Keun Park, Daun Shin, Sang Jin Rhee, Jeong Hun Yang, Yong-Min Ahn, Weon-Young L
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review Articles
Recent Technology-Driven Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Jisan Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Dai-Jin Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2019;1(2):43-49.   Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2019.1.e7
  • 6,055 View
  • 29 Download
  • 3 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary Material
Recent dramatic developments in information and communication technologies have been widely applied to medicine and healthcare. In particular, biometric sensors in wearable devices linked to smartphones are collecting vast amounts of personal health data. To best use these accumulated data, personalized healthcare services are emerging, and digital platforms are being developed and studied to enable data integration and analysis. The implementation of biometric sensors and smartphones for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular healthcare emerged from the research on the feasibility and efficacy of the devices in the clinical environment. It is important to understand the recent research trends in data generation, integration, and application to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This paper describes these recent developments in treating cardiovascular diseases.

Citations

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  • Sex- and Age-Specific Trends in Cardiovascular Health in Korea, 2007–2018
    So Mi Jemma Cho, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Korean Circulation Journal.2021; 51(11): 922.     CrossRef
  • Lack of Acceptance of Digital Healthcare in the Medical Market: Addressing Old Problems Raised by Various Clinical Professionals and Developing Possible Solutions
    Jong Il Park, Hwa Young Lee, Hyunah Kim, Jisan Lee, Jiwon Shinn, Hun-Sung Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lessons from Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Digital Healthcare
    Hun-Sung Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 541.     CrossRef
Decision-making for recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Jum Suk Ko, Sung Soo Kim, Hyung Ki Jeong, Nam Ho Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(4):102-112.   Published online October 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e15
  • 20,178 View
  • 331 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), especially pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, is widely used for rhythm control. However, AF recurrence remains a challenge, affecting 20% to 50% of cases. This review focuses on AF recurrence after catheter ablation. AF recurrence can be categorized into early recurrence (ER) within 3 months after index procedure, late recurrence (LR) within 1 year, and very LR (VLR) occurring beyond 1 year. ER has emerged as a significant predictor of LR, contrary to the traditional understanding. LR is primarily caused by PV reconnection, while VLR more involves non-PV triggers or substrates. Managing AF recurrence includes antiarrhythmic drugs, steroids, colchicine, and repeat ablation. Antiarrhythmic drugs reduce ER but have a limited impact on LR. Steroids have been shown to reduce ER, but not long-term recurrence. Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, shows promise in reducing both ER and LR, although further research is necessary. Whether to perform early repeat ablation after ER remains uncertain, as not all patients require immediate intervention. In conclusion, AF recurrence after ablation remains a complex issue. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for personalized management. Tailored approaches, considering individual characteristics, are crucial for long-term success. Future research should focus on improving therapeutic strategies for AF recurrence.

Citations

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  • Meta-analysis of Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Thermal Ablation for Pulmonary Vein Isolation in AF: A Broad Overview Focusing on Efficacy, Safety and Outcomes
    Mohammad Iqbal, William Kamarullah, Raymond Pranata, Iwan Cahyo Santosa Putra, Giky Karwiky, Chaerul Achmad, Young Hoon Kim
    Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Beyond Clinical Factors: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence and Multimodal Cardiac Imaging to Predict Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Post-Catheter Ablation
    Edward T. Truong, Yiheng Lyu, Abdul Rahman Ihdayhid, Nick S. R. Lan, Girish Dwivedi
    Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(9): 291.     CrossRef
Original Article
Changes in cardiovascular-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Eunji Kim, Chan-Hee Jung, Dae Jung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hae-Young Lee, Kyung-Yul Lee, Dae Ryong Kang, Sung Kee Ryu, Won-Young Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyeon Chang Kim
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(1):15-23.   Published online January 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e2
  • 3,662 View
  • 52 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the most pressing health challenge in recent years. Meanwhile, prevention for other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been less prioritized during the pandemic. COVID-19, a novel infectious disease, both had a direct impact on public health and provoked changes in health-related behaviors, including those for CVD prevention. This study sought to examine changes in CVD-related health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and related sociodemographic factors.
Methods
We used data from the Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Awareness Survey conducted in Korea in June 2022. A total of 2,000 adults across Korea’s 17 provinces completed a structured questionnaire online or on a mobile device. Self-reported changes in CVD-related health behaviors were investigated. We used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to explore the associations between negative changes and sociodemographic factors.
Results
In smoking, drinking, and healthcare service use, the proportion of those with positive changes surpassed the proportion of respondents who reported negative changes. In contrast, negative changes predominated for diet, exercise, and stress. Most individuals (52.6%) reported a deterioration of psychological distress. These negative changes were significantly associated with age, sex, marital status, and the presence of cardiometabolic disease.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected CVD-related health behaviors. Based on these changes, CVD prevention should be encouraged with appropriate and prioritized strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Changes in cardiovascular-related health behaviors after the end of social distancing: the 2023 Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Awareness Survey
    Jaeyong Lee, Eunji Kim, Won-Young Lee, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2024; 6(2): 57.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular-related health behavior changes: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic challenges
    Inha Jung, Won-Young Lee
    Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy.2023; 5(4): 99.     CrossRef
Review Article
Adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs
Ungjeong Do
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2023;5(1):1-14.   Published online January 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2023.5.e1
  • 65,535 View
  • 273 Download
  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
There are various types of adverse reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Proarrhythmia, which refers to an exacerbation of the preexisting arrhythmia or occurrence of a new arrhythmia, may occur under the therapeutic concentration of an AAD. Bradyarrhythmia is the most common type of proarrhythmia due to AADs, and prior myocardial infarction and old age are known risk factors. Atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction usually occurs during rhythm control of atrial fibrillation with class IC AADs. QT prolongation due to AADs, mainly class III AADs, elevates the risk of torsade de pointes by triggered activity due to early afterdepolarization. The addition of clinical factors that promote QT prolongation, such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, female sex, and bradycardia, increases the risk of developing torsade de pointes. Proarrhythmic monomorphic ventricular tachycardia usually occurs as a result of slow conduction and disparity of refractoriness due to class IC AADs. In patients with preexisting left ventricular systolic dysfunction or structural heart disease, the risk of hypotension or cardiogenic shock caused by negative inotropic effects due to AADs should be considered. To prevent these major adverse reactions to AADs, we need to understand the electrophysiologic properties of AADs in detail. Furthermore, the risk of proarrhythmia could be heightened by interplay with clinical factors, such as electrolyte unbalances, heart rate, and hepatic/renal or myocardial dysfunction. Sufficient awareness about drug-drug interactions, which may affect the metabolism of AADs, will improve patient safety during the management of arrhythmia.

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    Marisa R. DeLuca, Bilal Ali, Yasir Tarabichi, Beni R. Verma, Saima Karim
    Heart Rhythm.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(6): 1316.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Effect of the addition of thiazolidinedione to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy on lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study using Korean National Health Insurance Service data
Taegyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Dongwook Shin, Jongho Park
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(3):114-122.   Published online July 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e15
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  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
Background
Dyslipidemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that treatment with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) may help to improve dyslipidemia in T2D patients. In this study, we investigated whether patients treated with TZD and SGLT2-i showed greater improvement in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those treated with only SGLT2-i.
Methods
From the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea, we extracted all patients who first received SGTL2-i from 2014 to 2016. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the two groups: group A (SGTL2-i and TZD, regardless of other antidiabetic medications) and group B (SGTL2-i only without TZD, regardless of other antidiabetic medications). Posttreatment HDL-C levels were compared by the Student t-test.
Results
In total, 1,400 T2D patients (700 in each group) were matched by propensity score matching. There was a significant posttreatment increase in HDL-C in group A (49.54±20.03 to 51.6±12.92 mg/dL, P=0.007), but not in group B (49.14±13.52 to 49.1±2.15 mg/dL, P=0.937). Group A also showed significantly higher posttreatment HDL-C levels than group B (51.4±12.92 vs. 49.1±12.15 mg/dL, P<0.001). Regarding the secondary endpoints, posttreatment triglyceride levels were lower (P<0.001), but total cholesterol (P=0.131) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P=0.054) were not different after treatment.
Conclusions
The combination of SGTL2-i and TZD may be more effective in ameliorating dyslipidemia in T2D patients than SGLT2-i alone. However, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.

Citations

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  • SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia and Parkinson Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
    Hae Kyung Kim, Geert Jan Biessels, Min Heui Yu, Namki Hong, Yong-ho Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Eun Jig Lee, Minyoung Lee
    Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Green Approach: Optimization of the UPLC Method Using DoE Software for Concurrent Quantification of Pioglitazone and Dapagliflozin in a SNEDDS Formulation for the Treatment of Diabetes
    Ehab M. Elzayat, Abdelrahman Y. Sherif, Mohamed W. Attwa, Mohammad A. Altamimi
    ACS Omega.2024; 9(45): 45011.     CrossRef
Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in Korean patients with diabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Inha Jung, Sun Joon Moon, Hyemi Kwon, Se Eun Park, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2022;4(1):42-55.   Published online January 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2022.4.e3
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  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Since a sedentary lifestyle is considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), physical activity (PA) is recommended for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to prevent CVD. We investigated the association between different levels of PA and the risk for CVD and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM using nationwide data.
Methods
We examined health examination data and claims records of 2,745,637 participants with T2DM at baseline from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. We excluded subjects with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Each participant was asked to report their weekly PA levels according to three categories: vigorous, moderate, and walking. The incidence of CVD and death was analyzed until 2017.
Results
The risk of CVD was lower in regular exercisers than in nonexercisers after adjusting for confounding variables. A dose-response trend was evident in the association between the degree of PA and CVD risk. All categories of PA were inversely associated with CVD risk and mortality. The reduction in CVD risk and all-cause mortality was more profound in patients aged ≥65 years.
Conclusions
Augmenting PA might have positive effects on the prevention of CVD and all-cause death, especially in the elderly. The benefits of PA were consistently observed in various subgroups regardless of the presence of chronic conditions. Therefore, clinicians should encourage elderly patients with T2DM to increase their daily PA.

Citations

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  • Incentivised physical activity intervention promoting daily steps among university employees in the workplace through a team-based competition
    Ayazullah Safi, Sanjoy Deb, Adam Kelly, Matthew Cole, Natalie Walker, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of physical activity on incident atrial fibrillation in individuals with varying duration of diabetes: a nationwide population study
    JungMin Choi, So‑Ryoung Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Kyung-Yeon Lee, Hyo-Jeong Ahn, Soonil Kwon, Kyung‑Do Han, Seil Oh, Gregory Y. H. Lip
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Special Articles
Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases and Insulin Resistance
Won-Young Lee
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2021;3(2):31-37.   Published online April 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2021.3.e5
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Abstract PDF
Increased inflammation and insulin resistance are commonly observed in obesity and diabetes. Inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Free fatty acids and pro-inflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue inhibit the intracellular insulin signaling pathway, further contributing to the progression of diabetes. Meta-analysis studies show that high sensitivity C-reactive protein can be used as a predictor of future all-cause mortality, including cardiovascular and cancer mortality. In addition to the discovery of novel therapeutic methods targeting inflammatory mediators, basic lifestyle interventions, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and proper weight control, are absolutely crucial for reducing inflammation and preventing mortality.

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  • Stimulation, regulation, and inflammaging interventions of natural compounds on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway: a comprehensive review
    Gowtham Kannan, Benedict Mathews Paul, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
    Inflammopharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Links between oral microbiome and insulin resistance: Involvement of MAP kinase signaling pathway
    Yi-Ru Chang, Wen-Chi Cheng, Ya-Chun Hsiao, Guan-Wei Su, Shan-Jen Lin, Yu-Shan Wei, Hsiu-Chuan Chou, Hsiu-Ping Lin, Guan-Yu Lin, Hong-Lin Chan
    Biochimie.2023; 214: 134.     CrossRef
Tafamidis for Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Darae Kim, Jin-Oh Choi, Eun-Seok Jeon
Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2021;3(1):1-9.   Published online January 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2021.3.e1
  • 33,658 View
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  • 2 Citations
Abstract PDF
Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease caused by the infiltration of ATTR fibrils in the myocardium. Although it is a rare disease, ATTR cardiomyopathy is an important cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and its incidence is increasing due to improved diagnostic imaging tools. There has been a breakthrough in the field of transthyretin amyloidosis, which opens a new therapeutic door for the patients. In this review, an overview of tafamidis therapy in ATTR cardiomyopathy with recent results from clinical trials will be discussed.

Citations

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  • A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry and Biology of Tafamidis in Transthyretin Amyloidosis
    Monali B. Patil, Piyush Ghode, Prashant Joshi
    Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 24(6): 571.     CrossRef
  • Multimodal Imaging and Biomarkers in Cardiac Amyloidosis
    Mi-Hyang Jung, Suyon Chang, Eun Ji Han, Jong-Chan Youn
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(3): 627.     CrossRef

CPP : Cardiovascular Prevention and Pharmacotherapy
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