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- Volume 7(1); January 2025
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Review Articles
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a focus on risk factors and management
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Joonpyo Lee, Mi-Seung Shin
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Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(1):1-8. Published online January 21, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e2
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Abstract
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- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are two increasingly prevalent conditions that share common risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and aging. NAFLD, marked by hepatic steatosis, is a leading cause of liver disease globally, with cardiovascular disease accounting for most deaths among those affected. HFpEF, characterized by diastolic dysfunction and systemic inflammation, accounts for a growing share of heart failure cases, especially among older adults. The bidirectional relationship between NAFLD and HFpEF involves shared mechanisms such as systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction. These overlapping processes create a vicious cycle that exacerbates each condition. This review emphasizes the shared pathophysiology, risk factors, and management strategies for these interconnected diseases. Promising interventions, including exercise, weight loss, and emerging pharmacological treatments like sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, are effective in addressing both NAFLD and HFpEF. By targeting these common pathways, there is a unique opportunity to develop integrated treatment approaches that could improve outcomes for affected patients.
- The prognostic role of lipoprotein(a) in cardiovascular disease
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Eun-Jung Rhee
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Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(1):9-12. Published online January 22, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e3
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Abstract
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- Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), is not a new entity; however, it has become an increasingly discussed and studied risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and aortic valve stenosis. Recent guidelines recommend measuring Lp(a) levels throughout the lifetime in patients at high risk for CVD, as Lp(a) can serve as a signature marker for identifying individuals at elevated risk for CVD. Numerous genetic and epidemiological studies have underscored the significant causal role of Lp(a) in the incidence of CVD. Individuals with high Lp(a) levels face an increased risk for CVD, even with optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering. Furthermore, Lp(a) levels are primarily determined by genetics and are not significantly reduced by lifestyle changes or certain medications. This review will discuss the characteristics, genetic factors, and epidemiological properties of Lp(a) in relation to CVD.
- Pharmacological management of diabetes in older adults
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Junghyun Noh
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Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother. 2025;7(1):13-20. Published online January 20, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36011/cpp.2025.7.e1
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Abstract
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- As the global population continues to age, the rising prevalence of diabetes among older adults has become a significant public health concern. Consequently, effective and safe management of diabetes mellitus in this population is an increasingly critical focus in clinical practice. Older patients present considerable variability in functional status, with many experiencing physical disabilities, visual impairments, cognitive decline, or psychological conditions such as depression. Therefore, individualized treatment strategies that consider the presence and progression of geriatric syndromes, comorbidities, and the risk of hypoglycemia are essential for optimizing the pharmacological management of diabetes in older adults.
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